Long COVID in Children: A Possible Misdiagnosis Concern

The severe impact of long COVID in kids may be underestimated and incorrectly diagnosed, primarily due to the absence of comprehensive long-term studies and challenges in children accurately reporting their symptoms.

Navigating Long COVID in Pediatric Cases

Long COVID is an often debilitating illness that reportedly occurs in at least 10 percent of patients after a COVID-19 infection and includes fatigue, brain fog, headaches, chest pain, and heart palpitations. While COVID-19 has had less impact among children, some had serious illness due to the infectious disease. "I think it's largely because we're trying to apply adult framework to pediatric problems, and as a result, a lot of things are missed," David Putrino, director of rehabilitation innovation for the Mount Sinai Health System in New York, was quoted as saying to CIDRAP News.

In July, a systematic review of 31 studies published in Pediatrics journal involving 15,000 children concluded that 16 percent of children had persistent symptoms 3 months after infection.Another systematic review by the US CDC found that 1.3 percent of US children ever had long COVID and that 0.5 percent had it in 2022 (1^✔ ✔Trusted Source
Long COVID in Children: United States, 2022

Go to source). The experts said that many children likely aren't diagnosed as having long COVID because they don't recognize or have the vocabulary to report their symptoms. "Kids don't come home and say, 'Mom, I have post-exertional malaise, I have brain fog'," Ziyad Al-Aly, clinical epidemiologist at Washington University in St. Louis was quoted as saying to CIDRAP News.

Challenges in Recognizing Long COVID in Children

"What happens is that they start doing poorly in school, and parents find out weeks and weeks later," he noted. Further, the experts noted that many long-COVID symptoms are subtle and can be misattributed to other conditions, such as anxiety. And unlike the fatigue, brain fog, and post-exertional malaise that adults most often report, Putrino said the most common presentation of long COVID in children seen is recurrent stomach aches, the report said."Often, it's not initially thought of as long COVID," he said. "It's just 3 months after a COVID-19 infection, your child's complaining of a tummy ache."

So far the studies done on long COVID in children have been limited by small sample size, reliance on parental survey rather than interviews, lack of controls, short duration, poor design, and false assumptions about children's viral loads and antibody responses, experts said.

Putrino called for the need of “detailed longitudinal studies where we really take the time to characterize what long COVID looks like in a pediatric population". In the meantime, he urged "infection prevention". "It's really easy to clean air, it's really easy to put HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters in classrooms, it's really easy to use UV (ultraviolet) lights," he said.

Reference:

1. Long COVID in Children: United States, 2022 - (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db479.htm)

Source-IANS