Low-Calorie Sweetener Use by Mothers can Lead to Fatter Offsprings

Women who consume low-calorie sweeteners during pregnancy may disrupt body weight and gut microbiota function in their offspring, reveals a new study.

Consumption of low-calorie sweeteners while pregnant raised body fat of the baby and disrupted their gut microbiota, reports a new study. The findings of the study are published in the journal Gut.//

Many people turn to artificial or so-called natural sweeteners to cut calories and lose weight.

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‘Low-calorie sweeteners are considered safe to consume during pregnancy and lactation. However, they may increase body weight and other heart disease risk factors. ’
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The findings are significant as they impact the critical early years of life, particularly during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Reimer, a University of Calgary professor in the Faculty of Kinesiology, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology at the Cumming School of Medicine, and member of the Alberta Children's Research Institute says "Even stevia, which is hailed as a natural alternative to aspartame and other low-calorie artificial sweeteners, showed a similar impact on increasing offspring obesity risk in early life."

Aspartame, an artificial sweetener, and stevia, a natural low-calorie sweetener extracted from a plant native to South America, are 200-400 times sweeter than sugar. Stevia, gaining popularity, was historically used in Paraguay and Brazil to treat diabetes and is an emerging ingredient in many natural products and protein drinks.

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Demand for sweeteners for weight loss

In response to higher obesity rates, the use of low-calorie sweeteners has risen, particularly in women and children. Daily consumption is associated with large babies and early menstruation in young females under ten years - a known risk factor for chronic diseases. Additionally, the presence of some but not all of these sweeteners has been detected in breastmilk presenting a potential mode of transmission, according to the study.

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"Understanding the impact of dietary ingredients on maternal metabolism and gut microbiota may help to define the optimal maternal diet, one which promotes a healthier future for both mother and child," says Reimer.

Altering the gut microbiota of babies

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Our understanding of how sweeteners affect weight gain is not complete, but there is reason to believe that alterations in the gut microbiota may play a key role. In this animal study, a fecal transplant was used to show the direct influence of altered gut microbiota on causing the increased obesity risk. Transplanting fecal matter from the offspring of mothers that consumed the low-calorie sweeteners into sterile, germ-free mice caused the mice to gain more weight and have worse blood glucose control. Even though the offspring had never consumed the sweeteners themselves, the changes to mom's microbiota and the metabolism was sufficient to change the microbiota in their offspring and trigger obesity.

"A healthy pregnancy, including good nutrition, is important for a healthy baby," says Reimer. "Our research will continue to examine what makes an optimal diet and, more importantly, seek to find ways to correct disruptions to gut microbiota should they occur."

Source-Eurekalert