Nasal Drops May Prevent Paralysis After Heart Surgery

Administration of chemical compounds known as polysulfides through the nose inhibited damage to spinal cord motor neurons and prevented paralysis.

Nasal drops of chemical compounds called polysulfides may prevent the serious side effect of aortic surgery called paralysis of the legs, according to a study published in Redox Biology. This new research in mice was led by investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), a founding member of Mass General Brigham (MGB).

In aortic surgery, the damaged section of the aorta is removed and replaces it with a rigid synthetic graft (tube). All these takes place with help of heart bypass machine, which takes over the work of pumping blood to your body.

Aortic Dissection | Aortic Aneurysm - Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Aortic dissection refers to a serious condition where there is a tear in the wall of a major artery leading to blood flow within the layers of the aorta.

‘Polysulfides may prevent delayed paraplegia in patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic surgery or after other types of spinal cord injury.’

Lower body paralysis is a devastating complication that can occur in patients who undergo surgery to repair the aorta, the largest artery in the body. Post-surgical paraplegia is caused by reduced blood flow to the spinal cord and may develop 48–72 hours after the surgical procedure.

Giving Polysulfides Through Nose Prevents Paralysis of the Lower Body

Scientists found that when mice were treated in a manner to simulate what happens when patients undergo aortic repair (called thoracoabdominal aortic surgery), the mice have normal limb function and can walk for up to 48 hours but then develop hind limb paralysis.

Researchers previously showed that breathing hydrogen sulfide (a colorless gas with a characteristic rotten-egg odor) prevents mice from experiencing delayed paraplegia after temporary blood flow restriction to the spinal cord.

Because inhaled hydrogen sulfide increases the levels of polysulfides, the investigators tested various polysulfides for their ability to prevent paraplegia after aortic surgery.

Vitamin D Supplementation may Reduce the Effects of Open Heart Surgery
The stress of open-heart surgery significantly reduces patients' vitamin D levels, but aggressive supplementation with vitamin D3, just before and after surgery, can completely eliminate the observed drop in vitamin D.

Intranasal administration of a naturally occurring polysulfide (glutathione trisulfide) or a novel synthetic polysulfide (pantethine trisulfide) after transient occlusion of the aorta prevented delayed paraplegia in mice. The treatments prevented inflammation, inhibited cell death signals, and preserved spinal cord motor neurons.

If these polysulfides are found to be safe in patients, it may be possible to prevent delayed paraplegia in patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic surgery or after other types of spinal cord injury.

Heart Cell Damage During or After Non-heart Surgery Increases Risk of Death
One out of seven patients who are above 65 years or with pre-existing coronary artery disease develops Perioperative myocardial injury (PMI).

Researchers are actively seeking to develop this technology with support from external funding for clinical use in partnership with a pharmaceutical company.

Administering Carbohydrates and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Before & During Heart Surgery Reduces Later Complications
Administration of carbohydrate load before and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid infusion during heart surgery reduces complications and hastens patient recovery.

Source-Eurekalert