New Plug-and-Play Tool for Monitoring T-cell Immunotherapy Outcomes

Plug-and-play test that requires only a small blood sample to track modified T-cells in patients over time, improving the precision of cancer immunotherapy.

Researchers at Duke-NUS have developed a test that allows for real-time monitoring of T cells, which are genetically modified to combat cancer, after they are reintroduced into a patient's body. This simple and innovative test gives clinicians the ability to track the activity of these cancer-fighting cells throughout the treatment process ().

CAR T-Cell Therapy - Novel Form of Immunotherapy
CAR T-cell therapy is a type of gene therapy where the patient’s T-lymphocytes are genetically altered to target cancer cells within the patient’s body.

‘Did You Know?
CAR T-cell therapy can sometimes cause serious or even life-threatening side effects like cardiac irregularities and seizures. Therefore, it is always administered under medical supervision and patients need to be watched closely for several weeks after getting the CAR T cells. #medindia #tcells #immunotherapy’

Adapting SARS-CoV-2 Detection Technology for Cancer Immunotherapy

T cells are immune cells that target and eliminate infected cells, including those infected by viruses, bacteria, and cancer cells. Initially developed to detect T cells specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, this technology has now been adapted for cancer immunotherapy. The test, which requires less than a quarter teaspoon of blood, works by stimulating the target T cells in the blood to release cytokines, chemical signals that allow clinicians to assess both the quantity and quality of the T cells involved in the immune response.

CAR T-Cell Therapy: FDA Warning on Secondary Cancer Risks
Learn why the FDA has mandated boxed warnings for CAR T-cell therapies, highlighting the risks of secondary malignancies.

Peptides Used to Activate Engineered T Cells

In this proof-of-concept study, which was published in Immunotherapy Advances, the research team introduced fragments, called peptides, that stimulate the T cells engineered to fight Hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer present in the treated patients. Using their test, they assessed whether the engineered T cells remained in the blood and continued to function properly after infusion into the patient.

Plug and Play Platform – Single-dose Vaccine for Zika Virus, HIV, Ebola
Vaccines for diseases such as AIDS, zika, and ebola using a novel 'plug and play' viral platform has been developed by experts from GeoVax. This vaccine platform delivers single-dose vaccines that fully protect against emerging infectious diseases.

Making Advanced Treatments More Accessible

Assistant Professor Anthony Tan, from Duke-NUS’ Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme and first author of the study, commented:

“Our innovative test enables us to swiftly detect and analyze engineered T cells in patient blood samples. Its simplicity and speed could have a significant impact on the clinical field helping to make advanced treatments more accessible.”

New T-cell Editing Technique Could Lead to New T-cell-based Therapies
A new genetic modification method enables genes in living T-cells in mice to be modified quickly and efficiently.

Growing Use of Engineered T-Cell Therapies in Cancer Treatment

With engineered T-cell therapies becoming more widely used to treat malignancies, including Hepatitis B virus-induced liver cancer and a range of blood cancers, being able to accurately and easily track how these engineered cells behave in the body over time will be crucial in monitoring the effectiveness of these therapies in individual patients.

Expanding Applications: From Viral Infections to Cancer

At the same time, this plug-and-play concept can help accelerate the translation of new T-cell-based therapies from the laboratory to the patient bedside. The research team has already demonstrated that the test can be adapted for use in numerous viral infections, but this is their first foray into cancer therapies, where the test can be harnessed for T-cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells, as well as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies.

Accelerating Research in CAR and TCR T-cell Therapies

Professor Antonio Bertoletti, from Duke-NUS Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme and senior author of the study, added:

“Tracking the functionality of adoptively transferred engineered T-cell products could provide important information on treatment efficacy over time, an assessment which at the moment remains largely unexplored. We hope that with this proof-of-concept, we can help accelerate research into other CAR and TCR T-cell therapies as well as support clinicians on the frontline caring for patients receiving these novel therapies.”

Evaluating the Impact of TCR T-cell Therapy in Hepatitis B

In collaboration with Lion TCR Pte Ltd, the test has been deployed in a Hepatitis B virus-TCR T-cell therapy clinical trial, called the SAFE-T-HBV trial, evaluating the effectiveness of a novel therapy in two patients and demonstrating the test’s impact on improving the precision of immunotherapy outcomes.

The team is now looking to advance this proof-of-concept through larger clinical studies.

Paving the Way for Personalized Treatment Strategies

Professor Patrick Tan, Senior Vice-Dean for Research at Duke-NUS, said that he sees potential in the new test. He added:

“This innovation isn’t just a step forward in cancer therapy, it’s a significant advancement in patient care that could extend across multiple diseases. By offering clinicians real-time data on the functionality of these engineered T cells, we are paving the way for highly personalized treatment strategies that could significantly enhance patient outcomes.”

Reference:

Duke-NUS scientists develop novel plug-and-play test to evaluate T cell immunotherapy effectiveness - (https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/newshub/media-releases/media-releases/plug-and-play-test-to-evaluate-t-cell-immunotherapy-effectiveness)

Source-Eurekalert