Characteristic changes in the DNA of medulloblastoma, the most frequent malignant brain tumor in childhood, indicate precisely how aggressively the tumor will continue to spread...
Characteristic changes in the DNA of medulloblastoma, the most frequent malignant brain tumor in childhood, indicate precisely how aggressively the tumor will continue to spread and what the chances of disease relapse are.
Researchers at the Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine at the Heidelberg University Hospital and the German Cancer Research Center have discovered this correlation. With this new set of tumor markers, the intensity of treatment can be adjusted individually and the potentially damaging effects reduced. The results have now been published online in the prestigious Journal of Clinical Oncology.
About Brain Tumor
Brain tumors are the abnormal growth of brain cells that may be benign or metastatic. Brain tumors account for about 2.4% of all the tumor diagnosesandare most challenging due to their critically delicate location.
Brain tumors are the abnormal growth of brain cells that may be benign or metastatic. Brain tumors account for about 2.4% of all the tumor diagnosesandare most challenging due to their critically delicate location.
The most common malignant brain tumor in childhood is the medulloblastoma – every year, more than 100 children in Germany develop this tumor of the cerebellum and some 30-40 children die from it. The first symptoms generally appear at primary school age, but the tumor, which can already arise during embryonal development, can also occur in babies and toddlers. Aggressive radiation and chemotherapy regimens after surgery can permanently damage the brain of the growing child, for example, leading to coordination disorders and limited growth.
"Using the characteristic changes in the genetic makeup of medulloblastoma, we can predict more accurately than with conventional methods how a patient will respond to therapy and how great the risk is that the tumor will return after surgery and subsequent radiation and chemotherapy," explained Dr. Stefan Pfister, who works with his team in the department of pediatric oncology at the Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (Medical Director: Professor Dr. Dr. Andreas Kulozik) and in the department of molecular genetics at the German Cancer Research Center (Director: Professor Dr. Peter Lichter). Thus far, oncologists could estimate this risk only on the basis of histology findings, age at diagnosis, residual tumor after surgery, and existence of metastases at diagnosis.
Top Ten Facts About Brain Tumors
Quick valuable reference that enlists interesting facts about brain tumors.
Quick valuable reference that enlists interesting facts about brain tumors.
Stefan Pfister and his research group "Molecular Genetics of Pediatric Brain Tumors" first described the new tumor markers in the medulloblastoma in 2007. For the current study, he examined tumor samples from 340 patients and compared the documented course of disease with genetic aberrations in the tumor DNA. Aberrations were seen at the chromosome level, the units in which the entire genetic information is distributed and contained.
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Genetic Basis To Childhood Brain Cancer Identified
Scientists have identified certain genetic mutations, the most common of childhood brain cancers, to play a key role in medulloblastoma.
Scientists have identified certain genetic mutations, the most common of childhood brain cancers, to play a key role in medulloblastoma.
If however, one copy of chromosome 6 is missing in the tumor, the patients in the collective observed always survived. The combination of these and other characteristics led to a classification of the patients in a total of five groups requiring varying levels of intensity in treatment.
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Brain Tumor Children – Poor Performance in Schools
children who have had brain tumors perform worse in school than healthy kids, grades in foreign language are the most affected.
children who have had brain tumors perform worse in school than healthy kids, grades in foreign language are the most affected.
Another advantage of the new markers – the test is very robust and can be carried out within 48 hours in any neuropathology laboratory on tissue samples conventionally preserved in paraffin.
BMBF promotes the search for other tumor markers
The prospective validation of these markers in an independent patient cohort and the search for the simplest and most reliable methods of analysis is now the goal of a project promoted by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) entitled "Molecular Diagnostics," in which the university hospitals of Bonn, Mainz, Düsseldorf, Würzburg, and Heidelberg as well as the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg are participating under the coordination of Dr. Stefan Pfister.
Source-Eurekalert
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