New Way to Predict Risk in Prostate Cancer Patients Discovered

A new pilot study reveals how urine biomarkers can show the amount of significant cancer in a prostate, highlighting with more certainty which men need treatment.

A prostate cancer urine test can identify men at intermediate risk who can safely avoid immediate treatment and benefit from active surveillance instead, according to researchers at the University of East Anglia. This finding is published in the journal Life.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the UK. It usually develops slowly and the majority of cancers will not require treatment in a man’s lifetime.

Prostate Specific Antigen [PSA] & Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
PSA blood test is specific to prostate gland but not necessarily a cancer specific test but is commonly used to diagnose prostate cancer.

‘Prostate Urine Risk (PUR) can identify both men with high-risk cancer and low-risk cancer.’

The most commonly used tests for prostate cancer include blood tests, a physical examination known as a digital rectal examination (DRE), an MRI scan, and an invasive biopsy.

However, doctors struggle to predict which tumors will progress to a more aggressive form, making it hard to decide on treatment for many men.

Previous studies have shown that Prostate Urine Risk (PUR) test could identify men with high and low-risk cancers but its role in deciding treatment options for men with intermediate-risk disease had been less clear.

Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer
Biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer is a condition that occurs in men who have previously been cured of prostate cancer. In BCR, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is elevated above normal.

Lead researcher Dr. Jeremy Clark, from UEA’s Norwich Medical School, said: “While prostate cancer is responsible for a large proportion of all male cancer deaths, it is more commonly a disease men die with rather than from”.

There is a desperate need for improvements in diagnosing and predicting outcomes for prostate cancer patients to minimize over-diagnosis and overtreatment.

Medical Management of Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men after skin cancer and it is the sixth leading cause of death in men worldwide.

To overcome this, they developed a urine test for prostate cancer called the Prostate Urine Risk Test – or PUR for short.

The ‘risk’ here refers to the aggressiveness of cancer and its potential to spread to other organs, which would eventually kill the patient.

Mushrooms can Lower Risk of Prostate Cancer
Habitual mushroom intake can help prevent prostate cancer among middle-aged and elderly Japanese men. Prostate cancer ranks as the second‐most frequent cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men.

Prostate cancer is very complex and risk levels vary widely between men. There is a third category of men with ‘intermediate-risk, which falls in between high and low-risk extremes.

Around half of the men diagnosed with prostate cancer fall into this group and the treatment pathways for them have been less clear, until now.

It is known that disease progression in intermediate-risk men is associated with the presence of increasing amounts of Gleason pattern 4 cancer in their prostate.

This new study shows that the PUR test can assess the amount of Gleason pattern 4 without the need for a biopsy.

PUR not only measures the presence of aggressive cancer but also measures the increasing amount of aggressive cancer in a prostate.

This means that it can show us which men at intermediate risk may require treatment and which may instead be managed conservatively with surveillance.

This finding is important because men whose prostate tumor contains varying levels of Gleason Pattern 4 need a biopsy to determine whether they should receive active treatment or can be managed by active surveillance.

Further validation of this research in a larger study cohort can involve this non-invasive PUR test in the decision-making process without an invasive biopsy that is associated with discomfort and risk of infection.

Source-Medindia