Non-invasive Fetal Oxygen Monitor can Help Make Delivery Safer

Novel fetal oxygen monitor can non-invasively measure a wide range of blood oxygen saturation values, and identify critical levels of fetal hypoxia, which can improve fetal outcomes, report a new study. The findings of the study are published in the journal IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.//

Since the 1970s, U.S. obstetricians have monitored fetal heart rate and the mother's rate of contractions as a way to assess the health of the fetus during labor. Taken together, these measurements are a proxy for fetal blood oxygen levels. If the fetus is deprived of oxygen before birth, it may suffer lasting damage or die - leading doctors to perform C-sections if they think a fetus is getting into trouble.

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‘Transabdominal fetal oximetry can improve fetal outcomes by providing obstetricians with a non-invasive measure of fetal oxygen saturation before delivery. ’

This practice has led to a high C-sections rate but without much improvement in the rate of fetal complications associated with oxygen deficiency.

"We wondered if we could build a device to directly measure fetal blood oxygen saturation," said Soheil Ghiasi, professor of electrical and computer engineering at UC Davis.

Results from work have been presented at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine pregnancy meeting in Grapevine, Texas in February, and in an upcoming issue of IEEE Transactions in Biomedical Engineering.

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Direct measurement of fetal blood oxygen saturation

The new device is based on the same principle as the oximeter you might have slipped on your finger at the doctor's office. Hemoglobin in red blood cells absorbs colors of light differently depending on how much oxygen it has bound. A finger oximeter measures different wavelengths of light to calculate the oxygen saturation in your blood.

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Measuring blood oxygen saturation in a fetus within the mother poses additional problems. First, there's more tissue to get through to reach the fetus, so only a tiny amount of light can be reflected back to be measured non-invasively.

Second, there's the problem of separating the signal from fetal blood from that of the mother.

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Experimental tests in pregnant sheep, published in IEEE Transactions of Biomedical Engineering, show that the new device could accurately measure the fetus' oxygen levels.

Ghiasi became interested in the problem when he and his wife had their first child five years ago. Although like many couples, they had wanted a natural childbirth, they found that the care team soon recommended C-section based on fetal monitoring.

Source-Eurekalert