Obstructive Sleep Apnea Increases Risk for Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Event

Untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases risk of a Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Event (MACCE), revealed a new study. MACCE includes cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (heart attack), non-fatal stroke, and unplanned revascularization such as heart bypass surgery and angioplasty. The new research, from the Sleep and Stent Study, was presented at the ATS 2016 International Conference.

"Patients with OSA in this study were found to have 1.57 times the risk of other patients of incurring an MACCE at a median follow-up of nearly two years," said Principal Investigator Lee Chi-Hang, of the National University Heart Centre, Singapore. "This held true after adjusting for other variables including age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes and hypertension."

The study included 1,311 patients from Singapore, China and Hong Kong, India, Myanmar, and Brazil who had undergone a common artery-widening procedure known as a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Within seven days of undergoing the PCI, all patients in the study participated in an in-hospital sleep study, using a portable diagnostic device.

The sleep studies were manually scored by a committee directed by a sleep physician and Registered Polysomnographic Technologist, both of whom were blinded to the demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects. The reported MACCEs, along with source documents, were judged by a clinical event committee.

The prevalence of OSA was 45.3%. Although the purpose of the study was to analyze outcomes in untreated OSA patients, patients were still allowed to seek treatment. Dr. Lee was able to determine that only 1.3% of patients in the study diagnosed with OSA were on regular CPAP therapy at the end of the study. A majority of the 1,311 patients had state-of-the-art drug-eluting stents implanted.

"As OSA is highly prevalent and has a prognostic implication in patients with coronary artery disease, we recommend that all patients scheduled for a PCI be routinely screened for OSA, just as they would be for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia," said Dr. Lee. "This screening is now more feasible with the advent of reliable portable devices like those used in our study."

Dr. Lee added, "Since a vast majority of patients were not on CPAP therapy, our findings highlight that there is a significant gap between medical knowledge and clinical practice in the management of OSA. This should receive serious examination."

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Source-Newswise