Pathway That Links Fasting With Brain Cells Identified

A recent study shows how cell types in the brain agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons and proopiomelancortin (POMC)-expressing neurons respond to fasting.

A recent study shows how cell types in the brain - agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons and proopiomelancortin (POMC)-expressing neurons respond to fasting.

Now a new study uncovers a neural pathway that links fasting with activation of AgRP neurons. The research provides valuable insight into the complex mechanisms that control food-seeking behaviour.

Benefits of Fasting
Benefits of fasting are many. It remains one of the best means to good health.

"Given their critical roles in feeding behaviors, there is great interest in understanding the factors that regulate the activity of AgRP and POMC neurons," said senior study author, Dr. Bradford B. Lowell, from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School.

"However, although both types of neurons receive abundant excitatory and inhibitory inputs, the influence of these upstream signals has not received much attention."

Dr. Lowell and colleagues analysed the impact of excitatory inputs on AgRP and POMC neurons by manipulating NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in each cell type.

Does Food Alter the Effect of Oral Anticancer Drugs?
Some anticancer drugs like lapatinib are better absorbed in the presence of food in the digestive tract.

These receptors receive inputs from the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Interestingly, only mice lacking NMDARs on their AgRP neurons, and not those lacking NMDARs on their POMC neurons, exhibited altered body weight and food intake.

Thus, this type of excitatory information is only critical for the function of AgRP neurons.

Music Played to Premature Babies May Decrease Pain and Improve Feeding Habits
Music played to premature babies may help to lessen their pain and encourage better oral feeding, suggests research published ahead of print in the Archives of Disease in Childhood.

Importantly, the researchers also discovered that fasting, which is known to activate AgRP neurons and promote both food seeking and energy conservation, was associated with an increase in excitatory inputs and an increase in the number of dendritic spines on the AgRP neurons.

Dendritic spines are physical protrusions on the neuron that receive incoming signals. These fasting-induced changes in AgRP neurons were also dependent on the presence of NMDARs.

Appetite-curbing Gut Hormone Helps Obese Lose Weight: Study
Weight watchers have reason to cheer. An appetite-curbing hormone found in the gut may help overweight and obese people shed weight, lower blood pressure and reduce cholesterol levels, a study found.

Taken together, the results suggest that excitatory information received by NMDARs plays a critical role in regulating the connectivity of AgRP neurons and governing the cellular and behavioural response to fasting.

"The next step will be to identify the neurotransmitters and hormones that modulate the excitatory inputs to AgRP neurons, and the mechanisms by which this modulation occurs," Dr. Lowell said.

"This is likely to provide a better understanding of how various factors control feeding behavior," Dr. Lowell concluded.

The study has been published by Cell Press in the journal Neuron.

Source-ANI