Patients With Facial Paralysis may be Helped by Artificial Muscle

Surgeons from UC Davis Medical Centre have used artificial muscles to restore the ability of patients with facial paralysis to blink, in what is a major advance in this field.

The new study is believed offer a ray of hope to people who no longer are able to close their eyelids due to combat-related injuries, stroke, nerve injury or facial surgery.

Bell's Palsy - Anatomy, Causes, Incidence and Prevalence, Symptoms
Bell's palsy is facial nerve disorder that causes weakness of the muscles on one side of the face. Its cause is unknown but most people make a full recovery within 8 to 12 weeks.

The technique called electroactive polymer artificial muscle (EPAM) uses a combination of electrode leads and silicon polymers that could be used to develop synthetic muscles to control other parts of the body.

"This is the first-wave use of artificial muscle in any biological system," said Travis Tollefson, a facial plastic surgeon in the UC Davis Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.

"But there are many ideas and concepts where this technology may play a role," he added.

Strabismus | Squint - Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention
Strabismus or squint is a failure of the two eyes to maintain proper alignment when looking at an object. It is also called crossed eyes.

During the study, lead researchers Tollefson and Craig Senders used an eyelid sling mechanism to create an eyelid blink when actuated by an artificial muscle.

Using cadavers, they inserted a sling made of muscle fascia or implantable fabric around the eye.

Use of Corticosteroids and Antiviral Agents for Treatment of Bell Palsy
Treatment with corticosteroids is associated with a reduced risk of an unsatisfactory recovery in Bell's palsy

Small titanium screws secured the eyelid sling to the small bones of the eye. The sling was attached to a battery-operated artificial muscle. The artificial muscle device and battery were into a natural hollow or fossa at the temple to disguise its presence

The surgeons found that the force and stroke required to close the eyelid with the sling were well within the attainable range of the artificial muscle.

Rethink Cause and Treatment for Bell's Palsy
Cochrane Researchers have said that drugs widely prescribed to treat facial paralysis in Bell's palsy are ineffective and are based on false notions of the cause of the condition.

This capability may allow the creation of a realistic and functional eyelid blink that is symmetric and synchronous with the normal, functioning blink.

A similar system also could give children born with facial paralysis a smile.

The new procedure is described in the Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery.

Source-ANI
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