Potential New Strategy for Ischemic Stroke Discovered

Combination of two omega-3 fatty acid-derived signaling molecules was found to offer neuroprotective benefits in individuals with ischemic stroke. Results were published online in Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. (1^✔ ✔Trusted Source
NPD1 Plus RvD1 Mediated Ischemic Stroke Penumbra Protection Increases Expression of Pro-homeostatic Microglial and Astrocyte Genes

Go to source) “We discovered a compelling effective combinatorial therapy in experimental stroke,” notes Nicolas Bazan, MD, PhD, Director of the LSU Health New Orleans Neuroscience Center and senior author of the study. “Despite increasing knowledge of the physiologic, mechanistic, and imaging characterizations of stroke, no effective neuroprotective therapy has been found to date."

Combination Therapy in Ischemic Stroke

The research team examined the bioactivity of Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1 - discovered by the Bazan lab in 2003) combined with Resolvin D1 (RvD1) in experimental stroke. These two naturally occurring neuroprotective molecules in the brain derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) called docosanoids have been shown to limit excessive inflammatory responses, regulate metabolism and immune cell functions, decrease the production of proinflammatory factors, and promote tissue repair and stability. Under Dr. Bazan’s guidance, LSU Health New Orleans graduate student and first author Madigan Reid designed and performed gene expression studies that showed the combination treatment elicited the selective expression of genes contributing to cell survival.

The scientists found that the combination therapy boosted the uptake of an anti-inflammatory stroke-associated gene by 123-fold, a gene that regulates new brain cell and blood vessel growth by 100-fold, and two markers of the stability of the brain cells that regulate brain development, maintenance of neuronal networks and injury repair by ten- and fivefold, respectively.

“We also demonstrated a broad therapeutic window of neuroprotection with moderate doses of NPD1 + RvD1, such that treatment initiated even 6 hours after stroke onset is highly effective. This combinatorial therapy may promise future therapeutic development against ischemic stroke.”

According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and stroke, each year in the United States, there are more than 800,000 strokes. Stroke is a leading cause of death in the country and a leading cause of serious long-term disability. Stroke is a medical emergency. Every minute counts because the longer blood flow is cut off to the brain, the greater the damage. Immediate treatment can save people’s lives and enhance their chances for successful recovery.

“The biological activity of NPD1 plus RvD1 is due to specific activation and modulation of signaling pathways associated with the immune system, inflammation, cell survival, and cell-cell interactions,” concludes Dr. Bazan. “These findings provide a major conceptual advance of broad therapeutic relevance for cell survival, brain function and, particularly, stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.”

Reference:

1. NPD1 Plus RvD1 Mediated Ischemic Stroke Penumbra Protection Increases Expression of Pro-homeostatic Microglial and Astrocyte Genes - (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10571-023-01363-3)

Source-Eurekalert