Potential Vaccine Against Kala Azar

Scientists have developed a potent vaccine directed at the dreaded kala azar disease that claims dozens of lives in eastern India every year.

"The vaccine formulation is highly potent. We have shown the way and further research will give us a weapon against kala azar," Nahid Ali, scientist at the Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division of the IICB here, told IANS.

Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) – Symptoms, Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention
Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) refers to the spectrum of infectious disease produced by species of the Leishmania parasite. The parasites spread by the bite of infected sand flies.

Transmitted by the sandfly, it is a slow progressing indigenous disease that leads to infection in the liver and spleen and their enlargement.

Termed by the World Health Organisation as a neglected disease, kala azar, or leishmaniasis as it is known in medical jargon, puts an estimated 165.4 million people at risk in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

Provisional figures by the union health ministry show that kala azar claimed 20 lives and afflicted 14,227 people till July this year.

Safe Drug Against Kala Azar Identified
Indian scientists have identified a safe drug against kala azar. Kala azar a disease that puts at risk an estimated 165.4 million people in Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.

"Despite numerous efforts, there is still no licensed vaccine against kala azar," Ali told IANS.

IICB functions under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).

Bihar Youths to Fight Kala Azar
Village youths in Bihar help fight kala azar. Kala azar - a disease transmitted by the sand fly killed over 70 people last year.

Now, there is some hope.

To create a vaccine against kala azar, the scientists used what is called the antigen-adjuvant approach.

Trial Set to Begin for the First Vaccine Against Kala Azar
The trial for the first ever vaccine to prevent kala azar, or visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is all set to begin in the US and India.

Generally, an antigen, when introduced into the body, makes it produce antibodies against the substance to deactivate it.

In the case of the kala azar parasite, which resides inside the host cell, the antigen used triggers certain immune cells to fight the parasite.

The adjuvant boosted the body's immune response to the vaccine.

"It (kala azar) is a poor man's disease and drugs are quite expensive. Vaccine formulations will be a big help in the fight against the disease," Pradeep Das, director of the Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS) in Patna, told IANS.

RMRIMS is mandated by the Indian Council of Medical Research to provide scientific understanding and technology needed to support the fight against kala azar.

The IICB findings have been published in the Journal of Molecular Pharmaceutics.

Source-IANS