Quest to Combat Range of Diseases Could Be Aided By Stem Cell Study

A vital step forward in understanding how cells from skin tissue can be reprogrammed to become stem cells was taken by scientists.

New research could pave the way to generate these stem cells efficiently to better understand and develop treatments for diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and muscular degeneration.

Unraveling Tumor Growth in Stem Cells
At the University of Cambridge, researchers have discovered that a single mutation in a leukemia-associated gene reduces the ability of blood stem cells to make more blood stem cells, but leaves their progeny daughter cells unaffected.

The study of how these cells – known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) – were reprogramed was led by the University of Edinburgh and is published in the journal Nature.

Scientists found that the process by which iPSCs are created is not simply a reversal of how skin cells are generated in normal human development.

Researchers made the discovery by tracking the change of skin cells during the reprogramming process.

Adult stem cells in treatment for Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Researchers have found that treatment with adult stem cells has cured mice suffering with a form of multiple sclerosis. While some have recovered

All cells in the human body begin life as a mass of cells, with the capacity to change into any specialised cell, such as skin or muscle cell.

By returning adult cells to this original state and recreating the cell type needed for treatment scientists hope to find ways of tackling diseases such as MS, in which cells become faulty and need to be replaced.

Adult Stem Cells Might Hold Cure for Type 1 Diabetes
The immune system attacks the very insulin-producing cells it was designed to protect in type 1 diabetes patients.

Scientists have been able to create stem cells in this way since 2006 but, until now, it has not been clear how adult cells 'forget' their specialised roles to be reprogrammed by scientists.

Experts say that current methods of iPSCs production are time consuming and costly. It takes around four weeks to make human stem cells and even then the process does not always work.

Tumor Growth in Mice Slowed Down Through Injection of Human Stem Cells
A new study published in the journal Stem Cell Research & Therapy found that tumor growth in mice could be slowed down by injecting human stem cells into the mice.

Researchers say that their new insight will enable them to streamline the stem cell production process. The finding may also shed light on how to create different cell types – like muscle or brain cells – that can be used to improve our understanding of diseases and treatment.

Dr Keisuke Kaji, of the Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, said: "As exciting as this technology is, we still know very little about how cell reprogramming actually works. Using a new technique, we have improved our understanding of the process. Our work marks an exciting step towards ensuring that induced pluripotent stem cells technology will meet its full potential."

Source-Eurekalert