Rapid Culture-Free Test for Sepsis

South Korean researchers announced that they have developed a culture-free method for blood-based pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling. This new approach, reported in Nature, promises to significantly accelerate the treatment of suspected sepsis cases by cutting testing times by 40 to 60 hours compared to traditional methods used in hospitals (.

Researchers from Seoul National University and the diagnostics firm QuantaMatrix achieved pathogen identification and susceptibility testing in about 13 hours using a synthetic peptide to extract bacterial pathogens from whole blood.

Neutropenic Sepsis
Neutropenic sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition when a patient with low neutrophil counts develops an infection that spirals out of control if not treated urgently and is usually seen in cancer patients on chemotherapy.

‘Newly developed culture-free #sepsis test cuts diagnostic times by up to 60 hours, potentially revolutionizing #patientcare. ’

Sepsis: Facts & Figures

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition resulting from the body's response to an infection, which can lead to widespread inflammation, organ failure, and death. Sepsis affects approximately 49 million people worldwide each year, according to the Global Sepsis Alliance. In the United States, sepsis affects around 1.7 million adults annually and is a leading cause of hospitalizations.

Sepsis has a high mortality rate, with about 20-30% of patients dying from severe sepsis or septic shock. Common symptoms include fever, chills, rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing, confusion, and extreme pain or discomfort.

Lead author Tae Hyun Kim explained that QuantaMatrix, a spinout from Seoul National University, plans to license the ultrarapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (URAST) method and develop an automated instrument for integrated pathogen detection, identification, and susceptibility profiling.

Septicemia
Septicemia or sepsis is a serious illness wherein a patient develops symptoms due to presence of microbes or their toxins in the blood. Septicemia or sepsis is caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi.

The URAST system is expected to revolutionize bacteremia diagnostics by providing phenotypic drug susceptibility results on the same day as blood collection. This advancement could guide clinicians towards timely, effective treatment, helping to reduce antimicrobial resistance and extend the efficacy of existing antibiotics.

The authors used magnetic nanoparticles coated with synthetic beta-2-glycoprotein 1 peptides to isolate bacterial pathogens from blood samples, finding this method had the highest binding affinity compared to other substances. They identified the bacteria using a multiplex assay with DNA probes on shape-encoded microdisks, achieving results within three hours. Additionally, they expedited antimicrobial susceptibility testing by culturing bacteria in a purified medium, enabling results in under eight hours for rapidly dividing species like Escherichia coli.

Test Your Knowledge on Sepsis
Sepsis or septicemia occurs when the body responds in an exaggerated manner to infection resulting in bloodstream infection with severe tissue damage and multiple organ failure and death if not managed promptly. Take this quiz to test your knowledge ...

Kim highlighted that current sepsis testing often faces delays due to manual processes and lack of 24-hour lab services. By bypassing traditional blood culture methods, which are time-consuming, this new method isolates pathogens directly from blood, improving efficiency and potentially saving lives. The research team validated the URAST system in a clinical study with 190 patients, achieving 100% agreement with established testing protocols and delivering results an average of 48 hours faster than conventional methods.

QuantaMatrix aims to expand the test's target range to cover a broader spectrum of pathogens, including additional bacterial species and fungi, further enhancing its clinical utility.

AI Breakthrough: Accelerating Effective Antibiotic Therapy for Sepsis
The Keynome® gAST system, an AI-powered tool, facilitates swifter and more effective antibiotic treatment of sepsis.

Reference:

Blood culture-free ultra-rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing - (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07725-1)

Source-Medindia