Research Team Finds Potential Treatment For Spinal Muscular Trophy

A research team led by Indian origin scientist has come up with a potential new treatment for spinal muscular atrophy, the second-leading cause of infant mortality in the world.

Ravindra Singh, associate professor in biomedical sciences at Iowa State University's College of Veterinary Medicine said that more than 95 percent of the sufferers have a mutated or deleted gene called Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) that doesn't correctly do its job of creating functional SMN proteins.

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He suggested that replacing poor-performing gene with another gene could help treat the disease.

Humans need a certain level of SMN protein to ward off Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

When SMN1 fails to create functioning proteins, Spinal Muscular Atrophy is the result.

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Caused by a mutation of the SMN gene, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an infantile and juvenile neurodegenerative disorder where motor neuron loss causes progressive paralysis.

There is a gene already in humans that looks very much like SMN1, so much so that it's called SMN2. The SMN2 gene doesn't seem to serve any function that researchers can identify.

Singh has discovered a way of using SMN2 to produce the working SMN protein. When SMN2 makes enough SMN, it compensates for the mutated or malfunctioning SMN1 gene.

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However, SMN2 doesn't produce normal protein because of the presence of a specific intronic sequence in the gene or DNA.

To make SMN2 behave as SMN1, Singh has introduced a small antisense oligonucleotide that blocks this specific intronic sequence.

When the intronic sequence is blocked, SMN2 produces normal proteins and acts, in effect, like SMN1.

"The significance of our work is that we have this stuff called junk DNA in SMN2," said Singh.

"We found that we could get SNM2 to behave as SMN1 by introducing a small oligonucleotide. It is a very simple experiment if you think about it," he added.

The resulting proteins are normal just like a regular cell, free from Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

"Our cells are healthy and survive. From that point of view, this is a major achievement," he added.

The study appears online in Landes Bioscience.

Source-ANI
ARU