Risk Perception and Gender: Probing Women's Sensitivity to Losses

Women demonstrate a higher aversion to risk-taking than men, as evidenced by recent research.

New research from the University of Bath School of Management reveals that women are more averse to taking risks compared to men, primarily due to their heightened sensitivity to potential losses rather than gains.

Published in the British Psychological Society’s British Journal of Psychology, the study – “Gender differences in optimism, loss aversion and attitudes toward risk" - also finds that men are ‘significantly’ more optimistic than women, making them more willing to take risks ().

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‘New study highlights that women exhibit a greater reluctance towards risky choices than men, driven by their increased perception of pain associated with potential losses rather than gains. #Women, #men, #risk aversion ’

The Risk Conundrum

Researcher Dr. Chris Dawson, associate professor in business economics at the University of Bath School of Management, said the findings were significant and could help explain sex-specific outcomes in different employment sectors, and financial markets.

‘Itis widely acknowledged that men, across many domains, take more risks than women. These differences in how the sexes view risk can have significant effects,” Dr Dawson says.

‘For instance, differences between the sexes in risk-taking can explain why women are less likely to be entrepreneurs, are underrepresented in high-paying jobs and upper management, and are less likely to invest their wealth in equities markets than men.

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Women, Risk, and Sensitivity: New Insights

Despite these important implications, we still know very little about why women take fewer risks than men.

“Myresearch attempts to fill that gap. When thinking about risky choices, people tend to assess the probability of losing something alongside an evaluation of how painful that loss would be. I found that women take less risks than men as they focus more on the possibility of losing and anticipate experiencing more pain from potential losses,” he adds.

Previous research suggests that women are more risk averse than men, and this study investigated the joint role of two psychological characteristics to explain the differences – loss aversion, the idea that losses loom larger than gains, and optimism.

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Women's Response to Losses Over Gains

To measure loss aversion, Dr. Dawson used data from 13,575 people from the UK British Household Panel Survey to assess how changes in household income from one year to the next predict changes in psychological well-being.

He found that income losses are less painful for men than for women with no difference in the psychological responses to income gains between the sexes.

When asked how they saw themselves financially a year from now with expectations about outcomes under the individual’s control, men were significantly more optimistic than women.

Risk Behavior: Decoded!

The research indicates that this optimism may be linked to men’s overconfidence about their abilities compared to women which previous studies have highlighted.

If women are both less optimistic about the probability of favorable outcomes occurring and less confident in their abilities than men, they will naturally evaluate a given gamble as being riskier, the research says.

Overall, the study finds that women report a lower willingness to take risks than men with 53 percent of this gap accounted for by the higher levels of loss aversion amongst women and a further 3 percent attributable to the lower levels of financial optimism amongst women.

Loss aversion and optimism still have significant effects on risk attitudes even after controlling for the personality traits such as openness, neuroticism, and extraversion.

Reference:

Gender differences in optimism, loss aversion and attitudes towards risk - (https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjop.12668)

Source-Eurekalert