Robotic Surgery Can Benefit Patients with Early Kidney Cancer

Robotic partial nephrectomy can benefit patients with early kidney cancer. It is safe and effective as well as a preferred approach for treating small kidney tumors.

Robotic partial nephrectomy can benefit patients with early kidney cancer, reports a new study. The findings of the study are published in The Journal of Urology.

For patients with early kidney cancer, removing part of the kidney instead of the whole kidney is often a preferred treatment because the procedure can effectively remove tumors while preserving kidney function. But when it comes to the best surgical approach -- robotic, laparoscopic or open -- for this type of surgery, known as partial nephrectomy, the choice has been less clear.

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‘Robotic partial nephrectomy can benefit patients with early kidney cancer. It is safe and effective as well as a preferred approach for treating small kidney tumors. This robotic technique can offer better patient outcomes such as fewer complications during and after surgery, reduced cancer recurrence, lower overall mortality, decreased hospital length of stay and readmission.’

A comprehensive study by the Keck School of Medicine of USC, which has found that robotic partial nephrectomy offers significantly better patient outcomes, may help inform those decisions.

"Robotic partial nephrectomy has become increasingly more common, yet there's a lack of consensus among urologists about its performance vis-a-vis open or laparoscopic techniques," says the study's corresponding author Inderbir Gill, MD, chair and distinguished professor of urology at the Keck School. "Our goal with this study was to critically evaluate the impact of these three techniques on patient outcomes such as complications, cancer recurrence, and mortality."

The systematic review and meta-analysis combined data from 98 studies on robotic, open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. More than 20,000 patients were included in the analysis.

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When comparing robotic to open partial nephrectomy, the study found that robotic partial nephrectomy offered several superior patient outcomes, including decreased complications during and after surgery, cancer recurrence, overall mortality, hospital length of stay and readmission. There was no difference in cancer-specific mortality between the two techniques.

Results also showed that robotic partial nephrectomy was equivalent to, and sometimes better than, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. While there was no difference in cancer recurrence, cancer-specific mortality, length of hospital stay or readmission, a robotic technique was associated with lower overall mortality and fewer complications during and after surgery.

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After partial nephrectomy (removal of the kidney), certain surgical factors such hypertension, diabetes mellitus, surgical technique used and the remaining healthy tissue may influence kidney function after partial nephrectomy,

Gill, who is the executive director of the USC Institute of Urology at Keck Medicine of USC, believes the data suggest that the technique of robotic partial nephrectomy has now become established in the field.

"Our study shows that robotic partial nephrectomy is not only safe and effective but also a preferred approach for treating small kidney tumors," he says.

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Kidney cancer is among the 10 most common cancers, affecting 1 in 48 men and 1 in 83 women. According to the American Cancer Society, the rate of kidney cancer has been rising since the 1990s, but the mortality rate has decreased slightly since then. The society predicts that about 63,000 Americans will be diagnosed with kidney cancer this year.

Source-Eurekalert