Scorpion Venom-based Painkiller as Alternative to Morphine

An expert has claimed, scorpion venom could be used as an alternative to dangerous and addictive painkillers like morphine.

Prof. Michael Gurevitz, a Tel Aviv University researcher, is investigating new ways for developing a novel painkiller based on natural compounds found in the venom of scorpions.

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He said that these compounds have gone through millions of years of evolution and some show high efficacy and specificity for certain components of the body with no side effects.

Gurevitz said that peptide toxins found in scorpion venom interact with sodium channels in nervous and muscular systems - and some of these sodium channels communicate pain.

"The mammalian body has nine different sodium channels of which only a certain subtype delivers pain to our brain. We are trying to understand how toxins in the venom interact with sodium channels at the molecular level and particularly how some of the toxins differentiate among channel subtypes," he said.

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"If we figure this out, we may be able to slightly modify such toxins, making them more potent and specific for certain pain mediating sodium channels," he added.

With this information, engineering of chemical derivatives that mimic the scorpion toxins would provide novel pain killers of high specificity that have no side effects.

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In his research, Gurevitz is concentrating on the Israeli yellow scorpion, one of the most potent scorpions in the world. Its venom contains more than 300 peptides of which only a minor fraction has been explored.

He said that the reason for working with this venom is the large arsenal of active components such as the toxins that have diversified during hundreds of millions of years under selective pressure.

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During that process, some toxins have evolved with the capability to directly affect mammalian sodium channel subtypes whereas others recognize and affect sodium channels of invertebrates such as insects.

Gurevitz said that this deviation in specificity is for us a lesson of how toxins may be manipulated at will by genetic engineering.

While the use of scorpion venom to treat some body disorders seems counter-intuitive, the Chinese have recognized its effectiveness hundreds of years ago.

"The Chinese, major practitioners of what we call 'alternative medicine,' use scorpion venom, believing it to have powerful analgesic properties. Some studies have also shown that scorpion venom can be used to treat epilepsy. "We study how these toxins pursue their effects in the Western sense to see how it could be applied as a potent painkiller, " Gurevitz said.

Using an approach called "rational design" or "biomimicry," Gurevitz is trying to develop painkillers that mimic the venom's bioactive components.

The idea is to use nature as the model, and to modify elements of the venom so that a future painkiller designed according to these toxins could be as effective as possible, while eliminating or reducing side effects.

Source-ANI
TRI