Shortcomings of Mother to Child Transmission Programme Highlighted

Researchers have highlighted the severe shortcomings of South Africa's Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) Programme, insisting that the course could be doing more harm than good.

The new study, by Lungiswa Nkonki, of the Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa, plus colleagues from University of the Western Cape (UWC), Health Systems Trust and the Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA, says that HIV patients are losing out on opportunities to receive a key intervention namely the nevirapine tablet.

The study's qualitative research with women who had participated in the public sector PMTCT programme revealed significant failures, not only in testing expectant mothers for HIV and giving them the results of the test, but also in a lack of intervention to help protect the unborn child from infection.

A 50 percent reduction in transmission of HIV from mother to child is possible with the use of the drug, nevirapine, but this is not being administered regularly, the authors say.

The research team interviewed 58 HIV-positive women in South Africa and collected detailed information about their experiences of antenatal care. They also investigated whether or not there were missed opportunities for participation in prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs.

They found that fifteen of the interviewees missed out on nevirapine, not because of the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, nor ignorance, but because of health systems failures.

Of the 15 women, six women were not tested for HIV during antenatal care. Two who were tested received no results and seven were tested and received results but did not receive Nevirapine, the researchers reported.

"Health Systems failures within these programme ranged from non-availability of counsellors, supplies such as HIV test kits, consent forms, health staff giving the women incorrect instructions about when to take the tablet and health staff not supplying the women with the tablet to take," the authors said.

On the basis of their findings, Nkonki and colleagues have put forth two simple suggestions.

First, HIV testing should be strengthened to enable access to preventative interventions.

Secondly, a combination of two or three antiretroviral drugs starting during pregnancy and continuing for one week after delivery should replace the single dose regimen to improve uptake as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO).

The study is published in the online open access journal AIDS Research and Therapy.

Source-ANI
KAR/P