Psychological stress in the mother generates a greater number of psychopathological symptoms during pregnancy, postpartum depression, a greater likelihood of assisted delivery, an increase in the time taken for lactation to commence (lactogenesis), or inferior neurodevelopment of the baby six months after birth.
Stress During Pregnancy Affects Aging Biomarker of Child
People with somatic and psychiatric disorders, including major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, have shorter telomeres.
People with somatic and psychiatric disorders, including major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, have shorter telomeres.
‘Psychological stress in the mother generates a greater number of psychopathological symptoms during pregnancy, postpartum depression, a greater likelihood of assisted delivery, an increase in the time taken for lactation to commence (lactogenesis), or inferior neurodevelopment of the baby six months after birth.’
A study carried out by scientists from the University of Granada (UGR) has revealed that women who experience stress both before becoming pregnant and during conception are almost twice as likely to have a girl as a boy. Researchers from the Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), the Department of Pharmacology (Faculty of Pharmacy), and the Faculty of Psychology have analyzed the levels of cortisol (a steroid hormone that is released in response to stress) in the hair of pregnant women in the period spanning from before conception to week 9 of pregnancy, to determine whether there was any link with the sex of the baby.
A total of 108 women were monitored from the first weeks of pregnancy through to delivery, to record their stress levels before, during, and after conception via the concentration of cortisol in their hair and various psychological tests.
Maternal Stress During Pregnancy Impairs Child Health � Study
Stress during pregnancy can increase the risk of mental disorders and pediatric diseases in the offspring.
Stress during pregnancy can increase the risk of mental disorders and pediatric diseases in the offspring.
María Isabel Peralta Ramírez, the main author of this work and researcher at the UGR's Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment explains: "The results we found were surprising, as they showed that the women who had given birth to girls presented higher concentrations of hair cortisol in the weeks before, during, and after the point of conception than those who had boys." In fact, these cortisol concentrations in the hair of mothers who subsequently had girls were almost double those who had boys.
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Too Much Stress during Pregnancy May Affect Your Baby's Muscles
Is stress harmful during pregnancy? Yes, too much stress during pregnancy may alter gene expression in multiple muscle groups of offspring.
Is stress harmful during pregnancy? Yes, too much stress during pregnancy may alter gene expression in multiple muscle groups of offspring.
There is ample scientific evidence demonstrating the impact of stress on the mother in the processes of pregnancy, birth, and even infant neurodevelopment.
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Negative Affect Of Stress During Pregnancy On Newborns Health
A new study has found that expectant mothers who dealt with the strain during their pregnancy had children who were at elevated risk for abnormal health conditions at birth.
A new study has found that expectant mothers who dealt with the strain during their pregnancy had children who were at elevated risk for abnormal health conditions at birth.
All of the existing research tells us about the effect of stress when pregnancy has already occurred. However, few studies have shown the link between stress and the mother-to-be before or during the conception of the baby, the present study being a rare exception. Its findings were recently published in the prestigious Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease.
One possible explanation for the results would be that the activation of the "stress system"--the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland system--which involves an increase in cortisol secretion, modifies the concentrations of sex hormones at the time of conception. However, the mechanisms underlying this modification are not clear, because, on the one hand, there is evidence that testosterone could influence the determination of the baby's sex, since the higher the levels of prenatal stress, the higher the levels of female testosterone.
On the other hand, there is scientific evidence that sperm carrying the X chromosome (which determines that the baby will be female) perform better at passing through the cervical mucus in circumstances of adversity. Therefore, due to the hormonal changes associated with stress in the mother, these sperm are more likely to be successful in reaching the egg than sperm carrying the Y chromosome (which determines that the baby will be male).
"There are other possible hypotheses that attempt to explain this phenomenon. Among the strongest theories is the idea that there are more terminations of male fetuses on medical grounds during the first weeks of gestation in situations of severe maternal stress. That said, in light of the design of these studies, it is recommended that the results are corroborated in greater depth," observes Peralta.
Effect of Stress on the Fetus
What does appear to be clear-- and this has been shown in several studies--is that fetuses are vulnerable to the effect of stress, since it plays a key role in their development.
An example of this is the proven fact that male (XY) fetuses mature more slowly than female (XX) fetuses; they tend to be associated with more complications in pregnancy and premature delivery; and, at birth, they are more likely to have shorter telomeres.
This renders XY fetuses more vulnerable to adverse prenatal environments, suggesting that women who experience high levels of stress around the time of conception may be less likely to give birth to a boy.
Source-Eurekalert
