Study: Heatwave Decimates Marine Species Habitat

A new study reveals that ocean temperatures five degrees Celsius higher than normal off the western Australian coast decimated the seaweed which harboured marine species. "We've surveyed this coastline at three locations -- Hamelin Bay, Marmion and Jurien Bay -- almost every year since 2006," says Daniel Smale from the University of Western Australia's Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology.

"During this heatwave, we found that the seaweed Scytothalia dorycarpa -- one of the most prominent habitat-forming species of the temperate coastline -- retracted its range some 100 km because the extreme temperatures exceeded its physiological threshold," adds Smale.

The damage to S. dorycarpa left rocky reefs uncovered and reduced the amount of habitat available for small invertebrates and some other algae. This, in turn, could have knock-on effects on herbivorous fish and the carnivorous fish which prey on them.

"This may have far-reaching implications for the structure and functioning of the marine ecosystem in the region, which is a global biodiversity hotspot," says Smale, the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B reports.

"Extreme climate events are increasing in frequency and magnitude as a consequence of human activities and, in the last 30 years, the number of days of anomalously high seawater temperatures has increased along 38 percent of the world's coastlines," the study authors write, according to a Western Australia statement.

Australian Research Council future fellow associate Thomas Wernberg and Smale wrote: "Extreme climatic event drives range contraction of a habitat-forming species" about the impact of the area's most extreme warming event which began in December 2010 and peaked in March 2011.

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At its worst, ocean temperatures at Jurien Bay were five degrees higher than normal and for many weeks sea temperatures along more than 2,000 km of the western Australia coastline were two-four degrees higher than normal.

Source-IANS