Thyroid Cancer Risk Doubled for Residents of Volcanic Areas

It has emerged that people living in volcanic areas face a higher risk of thyroid cancer.

In the study, Gabriella Pellegriti, M.D., Ph.D., of the endocrinology division, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital in Italy, and colleagues collected incidence of thyroid cancers in Sicily from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2004 to compare the cancer rates of residents living in the volcanic area of Mt. Etna of Catania with those in the rest of Sicily.

The researchers found that residents of the Catania province had a more than two times higher incidence of papillary thyroid cancer, but not follicular or medullary thyroid cancers, than elsewhere on the island.

Also, papillary tumours from patients in Catania more frequently carried the BRAF V600E gene mutation, which has been associated with more aggressive thyroid cancer.

The researchers point out that a volcanic environment-which can produce toxic compounds that are suspended particulate matter and gases and elements that may pollute the water-may increase the incidence of thyroid cancer; however, the mechanism by which it affects risk is unknown.

"The striking increase in papillary thyroid cancer incidence that was associated with the Etna volcanic environment leads us to suggest that residents of other volcanic areas...could be at increased risk for thyroid cancer and, possibly, of other cancers," the authors said.

"Although specific risk factors for thyroid cancer in this volcanic environment are still unknown, identification of these factors could help to better understand the cause(s) of the increasing thyroid cancer incidence in Europe and North America and perhaps to develop prevention measures," they added.

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The study has been published online November 5 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

Source-ANI