Type 1 Diabetes Could be Managed Better Using New AI-Based Algorithm

Novel method can help people with type 1 diabetes better manage their glucose levels. The method relies on artificial intelligence (AI) and automated monitoring, reports a new study.

Novel algorithm uses artificial intelligence to effectively maintain glucose levels in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, reports a new study. The findings of the study are published in the journal Nature Metabolism.

"Our system design is unique," said lead author Nichole Tyler, an M.D.-Ph.D. student in the OHSU School of Medicine. "We designed the AI algorithm entirely using a mathematical simulator, and yet when the algorithm was validated on real-world data from people with type 1 diabetes at OHSU, it generated recommendations that were highly similar to recommendations from endocrinologists."

Type 1 Diabetes in Children - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Complications & Treatment
Type 1 diabetes is a condition most common in children in which the pancreas stops producing and releasing the hormone insulin that controls blood sugar levels.

‘A new algorithm could be useful in maintaining safe levels of glucose in type 1 diabetes patients.’
Read More..

That's significant because the people with diabetes typically go three to six months between appointments with their endocrinologist.

At that time, they can be at risk of dangerous complications if glucose levels in their blood rise too high or fall too low. People with type 1 diabetes do not produce their own insulin, so they must take it continuously throughout the day using an insulin pump or through multiple daily injections. The algorithm developed by OHSU scientists uses data collected from a continuous glucose monitor and wireless insulin pens to provide guidance on adjustments.

Paired with a smartphone app called DailyDose, the recommendations from the algorithm were shown to be in agreement with physicians 67.9% of the time.

Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Have Poor Muscle Health
The structural and functional changes in the mitochondria of people with T1 diabetes is the one causing the muscle not to use glucose properly and also damaging the muscle cells.

The new study involved monitoring 16 people with type 1 diabetes over the course of four weeks, showing that the model can help reduce hypoglycemia or low glucose. If left untreated, hypoglycemia can cause coma or death.

The engine was developed in a collaboration between the OHSU Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center and the Artificial Intelligence for Medical Systems Lab led by Peter Jacobs, Ph.D., associate professor of biomedical engineering in the OHSU School of Medicine.

Type 1 Diabetes Patients Report Improved Quality of Life After Islet Transplantation
Transplanting pancreatic islets that make insulin in type1 diabetes patients reduces the episodes of low blood glucose levels leading to a better quality of life.

"There are other published algorithms on this, but not a lot of clinical studies," said Jacobs, senior author on the study. "Very few have shown a statistically relevant outcome - and most do not compare algorithm recommendations with those of a physician. In addition to showing improvement in glucose control, our algorithm-generated recommendations that had a very high correlation with physician recommendations with over 99% of the algorithm's recommendations delivered across 100 weeks of patient testing considered safe by physicians."

OHSU intends to continue to advance the technology.

Don't Rule Out Type 1 Diabetes After the Age of thirty
A novel genetic analysis has been done to identify type 1 diabetes in adults, this may help identify type 1 diabetes cases not picked up by doctors.

"We have planned over the next several years to run several larger trials over eight and then 12 weeks and to compare DailyDose with other insulin treatment strategies, including automated insulin delivery," said co-author Jessica Castle, M.D., associate professor of medicine (endocrinology, diabetes and clinical nutrition) in the OHSU School of Medicine.

Source-Eurekalert