Union Defends the “Zero Dose Children” Recent Criticism

The Union Health Ministry addressed recent media reports claiming that India has a high number of "zero dose children"—children who have not received any vaccines—based on a UNICEF report. The Ministry highlighted that these reports present an incomplete picture of India's immunization data, as they do not consider the population base and immunization coverage of the countries being compared ().

Immunization
Protect your child from various deadly diseases by giving the vaccinations at the right age. This tool helps you schedule the vaccinations of your child.

‘India's immunization coverage exceeds global averages, with zero dose children making up only 0.11% of the population. #medindia #vaccination’

A Broader Perspective on Immunization Efforts

The Ministry emphasized that a comprehensive understanding of the country's immunization efforts can only be achieved by examining relative data and programmatic interventions. India's immunization coverage for all antigens is higher than the global average, with coverage for most antigens exceeding 90 percent. This is comparable to high-income countries such as New Zealand (DTP-1 93 percent), Germany and Finland (DPT-3 91 percent), Sweden (MCV-1 93 percent), Luxembourg (MCV-2 90 percent), Ireland (PCV-3 83 percent), and the United Kingdom (RotaC 90 percent).

Vaccination for Children
Vaccines are biological products that impart immunity to the recipient. Vaccines may be live attenuated, killed or toxoids.

Comparing Global Immunization Coverage

Even when considering India's 83 percent coverage for the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) - the lowest among the compared antigens—it is still significantly higher than the global average of 65 percent. India stands out as the only country among the compared nations with DTP-1 (Penta-1) coverage above 90 percent. The dropout rate for children receiving the first but not the third dose of DTP (Penta) is just 2 percent, while other countries show a much wider gap. These figures reflect India’s focused programmatic interventions despite its wide socio-geographical diversity.

Impact of Measles Immunization Campaigns in India: Study
New study provides a first insight on the impact of mass vaccination campaigns introduced in 2010 in India. The findings suggest that eradicating deaths from measles in India could be possible.

Zero Dose Children and National Immunization Commitment

Zero dose children in India constitute just 0.11 percent of the total population, underscoring the government’s commitment to expanding the reach and scope of the national immunization program. The Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), the largest public health initiative in the country, targets 2.6 crore children and 2.9 crore pregnant women annually through 1.2 crore vaccination sessions.

For the fiscal year 2023-24, India achieved a Full Immunization Coverage rate of 93.23 percent nationally. Consistent efforts to vaccinate all eligible children have led to a significant reduction in the Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR), which decreased from 45 per 1000 live births in 2014 to 32 per 1000 live births in 2020 (SRS 2020). Since 2014, six new vaccines have been added to the UIP, enhancing the breadth of protection.

Immunization Rates Are Higher in Rural Children Than in Other Cities in India
Free vaccinations are provided through government hospitals in rural areas and community health workers also create awareness on vaccinations in villages.

Mission Indradhanush and Beyond

To address zero dose and under-vaccinated children, India launched Mission Indradhanush and Intensified Mission Indradhanush with state support. These initiatives have reduced the number of zero dose children by 34 percent between 2014 and 2023. Across 12 phases of Mission Indradhanush, 5.46 crore children and 1.32 crore pregnant women have been vaccinated.

India administers the maximum number of WHO-recommended vaccines under the UIP compared to most other countries. The national mean coverage of 83.4 percent surpasses the global average by more than 10 percentage points. Furthermore, with high levels of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) coverage, India has maintained a polio-free status for 13 years since the last case in 2011.

In conclusion, the Union Health Ministry's statement highlights India's robust immunization infrastructure and its significant achievements in public health, demonstrating the country's dedication to protecting the health of its population through comprehensive vaccination efforts.

Reference:

New UNICEF report shows 12.7 million children in Africa missed out on one or more vaccinations over three years - (https://www.unicef.org/esa/press-releases/new-unicef-report-shows-127-million-children-africa-missed-out-one-or-more )

Source-Medindia