Vitamin B5 Improves Rare Type of Blood Cancer Treatment

Vitamin B5 in combination with existing drugs could improve treatment outcomes in a type of rare blood cancer where there are not enough healthy blood cells.

Vitamin B5 could help improve red blood cell production in people with Myelodysplastic syndromes, according to scientists from Barts Cancer Institute at Queen Mary University of London and the Francis Crick Institute.

They have uncovered why patients with a rare type of blood cancer suffer from ineffective red blood cell production, and how vitamin B5 could be combined with existing drugs to improve outcomes.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia - Incidence Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the cancer of white blood cells characterized by excess lymphoblasts. It is the most common of all childhood cancers and can be fatal in weeks if left untreated.

‘Vitamin B5 supplementation boosting red cell production may unlock new treatments for Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).’

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a type of blood cancer characterized by a stem cell disorder where the production of healthy red blood cells goes wrong. There are no curative treatments for these patients, but some medications do help to slow the progression of the disease.

People with this disease often go on to develop acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and around half of the people become resistant to existing treatments for MDS within 18 months to two years of treatment. These patients are heavily reliant on red blood cell transfusions which can be painful and dangerous due to iron overload in the blood. This means it is important to uncover new ways to treat this disease and prevent the progression of leukemia.

Vitamin B5 : Key in Improving Myelodysplastic Syndrome Care

In this study published in Science Translational Medicine, the scientists analyzed blood samples from 42 people with MDS. They found that the enzyme COASY is critical in regulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Partial loss of the enzyme in MDS patients severely disrupts red blood cell production leading to anemia.

Arthritis Drug can Treat Rare Type of Blood Cancer
Polycythemia Vera is a rare type of blood disorder which has high blood cell count. Arthritis drug, methotrexate can effectively treat this disorder.

They then tested whether they could boost red blood cell production using treatments including vitamin B5 supplementation. Treatments with vitamin B5 or another metabolite, succinyl-CoA, increased the maturation of red blood cells.

Current treatments for MDS are often associated with reduced quality of life as well as an increased risk of progression to leukemia. Understanding the biology behind this stem cell disorder is key to unlocking new treatments of the future.

Myeloid Leukemia Can Now be Put To Stop by Blocking Its Growth Factor
A novel pathway of Acute myeloid leukemia tumor development has been discovered. New drugs can be made to target this pathway to stop the growth.

The next steps will be to further investigate how to boost red blood cell production and work towards testing new treatments in clinical trials. Given our elderly population is increasing and age is the dominant risk factor for the development of MDS, they will start to see more and more people with this type of blood cancer.

Anemia-related symptoms, such as chronic fatigue, are commonly reported in MDS and the current red blood cell transfusions, although essential, come with potential complications, and also require substantial human and financial resources.

Test Your Knowledge on Blood Cancer
Blood Cancer Overview

Blood cancer or hematological cancer is cancer affecting the normal production and function of the various blood cells. Take this quiz and learn about the various types of blood cancer.

Therefore, we must find alternative ways to regulate long-term red blood cell production in these patients. Our results may also potentially help with treatments of other diseases where patients commonly present with anemia.

Source-Eurekalert