Gestational weight gain above or below the guidelines of the Institute of Medicine is associated with maternal and infant outcomes.
Weight gain during pregnancy is natural but some gain weight more than the recommended levels while some don’t. A recent study found the risk associated with weight gain during weight gain. Weight gain that was greater or less than guideline recommendations was associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes for mothers and infants, compared with weight gain within recommended levels.
‘Gestational weight gain below the recommendations was associated with higher risk of small for preterm birth while weight gain more than the recommendations had a risk of macrosomia and cesarean delivery.’
In 2009, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) provided specific recommendations regarding the ideal gestational weight gain. However, the association between gestational weight gain consistent with the IOM guidelines and pregnancy outcomes is unclear.
Rebecca F. Goldstein, Helena J. Teede of Monash University, Victoria, Australia, and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 studies to evaluate associations between gestational weight gain above or below the IOM guidelines with maternal and infant outcomes.
It suggests gain of 27.6 - 39.7 lbs. for underweight women [BMI less than 18.5]; 25.4 - 35.3 lbs. for normal-weight women [BMI 18.5-24.9]; 15.4 - 24.3 lbs., for overweight women [BMI 25-29.9]; and 11 - 19.8 lbs. for obese women [BMI 30 or greater]).
The researchers found that 47 percent of pregnancies had gestational weight gain greater than IOM recommendations and 23 percent had weight gain less than the recommendations.
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Gestational weight gain above the recommendations was associated with lower risk of SGA and preterm birth and higher risk of LGA, macrosomia and cesarean delivery.
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The World Health Organization has prioritized achievement of ideal BMI prior to conception and prevention of excess gestational weight gain. The authors write that lifestyle interventions in pregnancy can help women attain recommended gestational weight gain.
Source-Eurekalert