When Did Body Lice Originate ?

A genetic analysis of head and body lice has led researchers to date their origin to about 190,000 years ago.

This indicated that people might have begun making and wearing clothing around this period itself.

Head Lice Progenitors of Dangerous Body Lice
Body lice, which often lead to dangerous epidemics, originate from head lice, a new research has found.

The new estimate, sheds light on a poorly understood cultural development that allowed people to settle in northern, cold regions, said Andrew Kitchen of Pennsylvania State University in University Park.

With little direct evidence, scientists had previously estimated that clothing originated anywhere from around 1 million to 40,000 years ago.

An earlier analysis of mitochondrial DNA from the two modern types of lice indicated that body lice evolved from head lice only about 70,000 years ago.

Resistant Head Lice: A Study
Head lice become resistant to all treatments including organophosphates (malathion) and pyrethroids (permethrin and phenothrin), which are used to act on the nervous system for eradication.

Many scientists believe that as body lice thrive in the folds of clothing, they likely appeared not long after clothes were invented.

Though well suited to gauging the timing of evolutionary events, mitochondrial DNA is a relatively small part of the genome.

Non-toxic Treatment For Head Lice
Benzyl Alcohol Lotion (BAL) has been found effective against head lice in children. A study published in Pediatric Dermatology says the treatment is non-neurotoxic.

The researchers examined both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples from head and body lice, yielding the much older, and presumably more accurate, estimate of when body lice first evolved.

Kitchen explained that it makes sense that people, or perhaps Neandertals inhabiting cold parts of Europe, started making clothes around 190,000 years ago, since both species had already lost most body hair and knew how to make stone tools for scraping animal hides.

The Truth About Head Lice - Superbugs
According to lead researcher Stephen Barker, Associate Professor from the University of Queensland, animals have two types of chromosomes, the nucleic and the mitochondrial.

Homo sapiens originated approximately 200,000 years ago.

The researchers calculated relatively fast mutation rates for both forms of lice, so the new age estimate for the divergence of body lice from head lice is a conservative one.

Kitchen said that it's possible for body lice to have evolved from head lice in only a few generations, according to laboratory studies.

No evidence indicates that head lice can evolve from body lice.

The study was presented at the American Association of Physical Anthropologists annual meeting.

Source-ANI
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