A new study is revealing that wrinkles aren’t the only cue the human eye looks for to evaluate age. Facial skin color distribution, or tone, can add 10-12 years to a woman's perceived age.
A new study is revealing that wrinkles aren’t the only cue the human eye looks for to evaluate age. Facial skin color distribution, or tone, can add 10-12 years to a woman's perceived age.
The study, published in the latest issue of the journal Evolution and Human Behavior, used three-dimensional imaging and morphing software to remove wrinkles and furrows from pictures of women, leaving skin tone as the only variable. Researchers were then able to determine exactly what impact facial skin tone has on how young, healthy and attractive people perceive the women to be. Faces with more even skin tone were judged to be younger."Until now, behavioral scientists have mostly ignored the overall homogeneity and color saturation of a person’s skin," says lead researcher Dr. Karl Grammer. “This study points out that wrinkles aren’t the only visual cue to a woman’s age.
“Skin tone and luminosity may be a major signal to suitors of a woman’s attractiveness, as well as of her assumed age,” said Grammer, who is founder and scientific director of the Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Urban Ethology at the University of Vienna, Austria.
The researchers took digital photographs of 169 Caucasian women between the ages of 10 and 70. Then they used specialized morphing software to “drape” each subject’s facial skin over a standardized model, in effect, taking 169 different skin tones and applying them to a common canvas.
In the process, other potential age-defining features such as facial furrows, lines and wrinkles were removed, leaving skin tone as the only variable. Then, these models were viewed by 430 observers who were asked to estimate each model’s age and gauge her health and attractiveness.
The models who had the most even skin tone received significantly higher ratings for attractiveness and health, and were also judged to be younger in age. The models with uneven, blotchy skin tone were judged to be significantly older.
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Fink, a senior scientist in the Department for Sociobiology/Anthropology at the University of Goettingen, Germany, said the work is important for women considering efforts to improve their tans. “We found that cumulative UV damage from too much sun dramatically influences skin tone, giving women yet another reason to prevent future UV-related skin damage or try to correct past sun damage.”
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Next Phase of Tone Research – Getting Under the Skin As a next step, Drs. Grammer and Fink will partner with scientist and skin imaging expert Dr. Paul Matts, from P&G Beauty (a division of Procter & Gamble that funded the study) to look at the distribution of 3 chromophores – melanin, hemoglobin, and collagen -- in the skin of study subjects and correlate this distribution with perceived attractiveness. A non-invasive imaging technology called SIAscopy—originally developed by UK-based Astron Clinica for early skin cancer detection—will help the scientists study the chromophores. These 3 chromophores directly affect how the human eye perceives qualities such as luminosity in young skin or dullness in aging skin.
“Because skin has optical depth, our eyes perceive discolorations on the surface and in underlying layers. This discoloration can be subtle or overt. We believe the judgment of facial skin age is influenced by uneven chromophore distribution and a decrease in light reflection,” says Grammer.
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