It refers to the last menstrual cycle that a woman undergoes
For women, this is inherent in the ageing process.
Natural menopause occurs when the ovaries stop producing estrogen.
Like in menarche, the age for menopause varies among women. It can happen anywhere between mid-40s to early 60s.
In the mid-thirties, hormone production in the ovaries begins to decline, as with the supply of follicles and eggs.
This process accelerates in the forties, causing irregular menstrual cycles and sometimes, heavy bleeding.
Slowly, menstruation will come to an end.
The estrogen hormone continues to be produced in small amounts. But the monthly ovulation cycle has ended at this stage.
Menopause can be identified only retrospectively; about a year after the last period.
Besides natural menopause, clinical intervention can also end the reproductive cycle in women.
When the ovaries of a woman are surgically removed (oophorectomy), the woman would immediately be in the "surgical menopause" stage.
In partial hysterectomy (when only the uterus is removed), even though menstruation has ended, the ovaries continue to function
In this case, menopause will not occur until the ovulation cycle ends.
There are identifiable symptoms that set in before menopause.
The most common signs include hot flashes, cold night sweats, decreased libido, extreme and sudden fatigue, insomnia
Memory difficulties and forgetfulness, mood swings, pain in the joints, thinning hair, vaginal dryness.
Breast tenderness, body odour changes, gum problems
These can also be symptomatic of other illnesses; symptoms must not be considered individually as the onset of menopause.
Reduced production of estrogen has the following side-effects:
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
Heightened chances of osteoporosis
Redistribution of weight in the thighs and central abdominal region, leading to the 'disappearing waistline'.
Exercise and lifestyle changes are important
Eat sensibly. Metabolism slows with age. So burning calories becomes difficult
Reduce alcohol and caffeine consumption.
Control intake of calories and increase fiber consumption.
At least 30 minutes of moderate exercise is mandatory.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a possible medical option for dealing with menopause.
It replaces the lost hormones - estrogen and progesterone
It should be medically prescribed. It can be a pill, skin patch etc
HRT also reduces risk of osteoporosis and heart disease.
Short-term side effects include symptoms similar to PMS like nausea, headaches, bloating etc
Long-term effects are still unknown.
Menopause is a normal process in most women; allow it to run its course
Make suitable lifestyle adjustments to meet your changing needs
You can also join Medindia's Menopause Support Group. Discuss issues with other women and make real-time consultations with physicians.
